A. Abutment - In coal mining, (1) the weight of the rocks above a narrow roadway is transferred to the solid coal along the sides, which act as abutments of the arch of strata spanning the roadway; and (2) the weight of the rocks over a longwall face is transferred to the front abutment, that is, the solid coal ahead of the face and the back abutment, that is, the settled packs behind the face.
Face— The exposed area of a coal bed from which coal is being extracted. Face cleat — The principal cleavage plane or joint at right angles to the stratification of the coal seam. Face conveyor — Any conveyor used parallel to a working face which delivers coal into another conveyor or into a car. Factor of safety — The ratio of the ultimate breaking strength of the material to the ...
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